Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

An element management system (EMS) manages one or more of a

specific type of network elements (NEs).

Using an EMS a user can manage all the features of each NE

individually, but not the communication between NEs.

Communication between NEs is managed by the network

management system (NMS).

A network management system is a combination of hardware and

software used to monitor and administer a network.

Network management refers to the maintenance and

administration of large scale computer networks at the top

level.

In brief,If network vendor wants to manage multiple

EMS,vendor can go to NMS.

If network vendor wants to manage multiple EMS,vendor can

decide to go for NMS.

If network vendor want to manage one or more of a specific

type of network elements (NEs),vendor can decide to go for EMS.

This the communication between computer systems or devices. A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data.

Data Communication is the process of transferring information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood by both sender and receiver. It is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several methods.

Telecommunications is a general term for a vast array of technologies that send information over distances. Mobile phones, land lines, satellite phones and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) are all telephony technologies -- just one field of telecommunications. Radio, television and networks are a few more examples of telecommunication.

Proxy can be defined as an intermediately device,

which plays the role of an agent in the Context of SNMP.It

works as a Virtual LAN to the Devices Which are not having

an Ethernet Inerface,Like MODEMS and Multiplexers.

By using the SNMPPROXY we can Know the STATUS of

these(MODEMS etc) devices.

When an Agent performs PROXY role,it acs on the behalf of

one or more other nodes.A NETWORK MANAGER that wishes ti

obtain the information from or control the node

communicates with the proxy agent.The proxy agent then

translates the MANAGER's request to a form appropriate for

the arget sysem and uses an appropriate nework management

protocol to communicate with the target system.

its cache memory.

A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit

of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory.

The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of

the data from the most frequently used main memory

locations. As long as most memory accesses are to cached

memory locations, the average latency of memory accesses

will be closer to the cache latency than to the latency of

main memory.

When the processor needs to read from or write to a location

in main memory, it first checks whether a copy of that data

is in the cache. If so, the processor immediately reads from

or writes to the cache, which is much faster than reading

from or writing to main memory.