Telecommunication Protocols

Protocol testing means to test the functionality of the

node(piece of software) which should compliance to some

standard message flow. For this one should take a

tester(Testing Unit) which should send standard messages to

the node(Item under test). Above all tester mentioned are

good but according to me K1297-G20(Tektronics)is the best

tester.

Advantages

1) Many standard Protocol are supported by this tester

2) One can add just new protocol supports easily

3) With introduction of G-20 its interface is really good,

one can easily learn.

Disadvantages

1) Load can't be tested with this, as this tester is windows

based with low processing capabilities

2) It is little bit costly as it give license per link per

protocol base

3) Support too have some issues

There are four RRC states present in UMTS .

1.CELL_DCH STATE

2.CELL_FACH STATE

3.CELL_PCH STSTE

4.URA_PCH STATE

WHEN MOBILE IS MOVING FROM IDLE MODE TO DEDICATED MODE AND

DATA TRANMISSION IS OF LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA THEN CELL_DCH

STATE COMES IN TO PICTURE .

IF DATA TRANSMISSION IS OF SMALL AMOUT OF DATA THEN

CELL_FACH STATE WILL COME IN TO PICTURE

WHEN MOBILE IS MOVING FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER CELL IT

SHOULD PERFORM HANDOVER THEN MOBILE RRC STATE WILL BE IN

CELL_PCH STATE.

URA MEANS UTRAN REGISTRATION AREA

THE AREA COVERED BY ONE RNC IS KNOWN AS URA

SO WHEN MOBILE IS MOVING FROM URA AREA TO ANOTHER URA AREA

THEN LOCATION UPDATION SHOULD PERFORM THEN MOBLIE RRC STATE

COMES TO URA_PCH STATE .

THESE ARE THE FOUR RRC STATES PRESENT IN UMTS NETWORK

SNMP is based on the manager/agent model consisting of an

SNMP manager, an SNMP agent, a database of management

information, managed SNMP devices and the network protocol.

The SNMP manager provides the interface between the human

network manager and the management system. The SNMP agent

provides the interface between the manager and the physical

device(s) being managed.

The SNMP manager and agent use an SNMP Management

Information Base (MIB) and a relatively small set of

commands to exchange information. The SNMP MIB is organized

in a tree structure with individual variables, such as

point status or description, being represented as leaves on

the branches. A long numeric tag or object identifier (OID)

is used to distinguish each variable uniquely in the MIB

and in SNMP messages.

SNMP uses five basic messages (GET, GET-NEXT, GET-RESPONSE,

SET, and TRAP) to communicate between the SNMP manager and

the SNMP agent. The GET and GET-NEXT messages allow the

manager to request information for a specific variable.

The agent, upon receiving a GET or GET-NEXT message, will

issue a GET-RESPONSE message to the SNMP manager with

either the information requested or an error indication as

to why the request cannot be processed. A SET message

allows the SNMP manager to request a change be made to the

value of a specific variable in the case of an alarm remote

that will operate a relay. The SNMP agent will then respond

with a GET-RESPONSE message indicating the change has been

made or an error indication as to why the change cannot be

made. The SNMP TRAP message allows the agent to

spontaneously inform the SNMP manager of an "important"

event.