const pointer is a pointer which you don’t want to be pointed to a different value. That is, the location stored in the pointer can not change. We can not change where the pointer points. It is declared as:

type * const name

type is data type

name is name of the pointer

eg: char * const p

Since the location to which a const pointer points to can not be changed, the following code:

char ch1 = ‘A’;

char ch2 = ‘B’;

char * const p = &ch1;

p = &ch2;

will throw an error since address stored in p can not be changed.

const reference:

const references allow you to specify that the data referred to won't be changed. A const reference is actually a reference to const. A reference is inherently const, so when we say const reference, it is not a reference that can not be changed, rather it’s a reference to const. Once a reference is bound to refer to an object, it can not be bound to refer to another object. For example:

int &ri = i;

binds ri to refer to i. Then assignment such as:

ri = j;

doesn’t bind ri to j. It assigns the value in j to the object referenced by ri, ie i;

This means, if we pass arguments to a function by const references; the function can not change the value stored in those references. This allows us to use const references as a simple and immediate way of improving performance for any function that currently takes objects by value without having to worry that your function might modify the data. The compiler will throw an error if the function tries to modify the value of a const reference.