⟩ Explain me the relation between heat of reaction at constant pressure and that at constant volume?
We know that
Qp = ΔH and qv = ΔE
At constant pressure
ΔH = ΔE + PΔV ----------------------------i
Where ΔV is the change in volume, thus above equation can be written as
ΔH = ΔE + P (V2 – V1)
=ΔE + (PV2 – PV1) ---------------------------ii
Where V1 is the initial volume and V2 is the final volume of the system
For ideal gases:
PV = nRT
So we have
PV1 = n1RT
PV2 = n2RT
Here n1 is the number of moles of the gaseous reactants and n2 is the number of moles of the gaseous products.
Substituting these in equation ii, we get
ΔH = ΔE + (n2RT – n1RT)
=ΔE + (n2 – n1) RT
ΔH = ΔE + Δng RT
Where Δng = n2 – n1 is the difference between the number of moles of the gaseous products and those of the gaseous reactants.
Substituting the value of ΔE and ΔH the above equation becomes
qp = qv + Δng RT
The above equation gives us the relationship between heat of reaction at constant pressure and that at constant volume.