Amphibians are terrestrial vertebrates extremely rare in desertic environments (although there are few species adapted to this type of ecosystem). Amphibians are rare in deserts because they do not have permeable skin and so they easily lose water by evaporation and desiccate. They also need an aquatic environment to reproduce, since their fecundation is external and their larva is water-dependent.
Plastids are A) protrusions of plasma membrane that bud off of plant cells. B) cytoplasmic organelles that often contain photosynthetic pigments. C) pieces of circular, double stranded DNA that can carry drug resistance. D) areas of the nucleus where rRNA is transcribed
Mitochondria are similar to bacteria in several ways. Which of the following is NOT a similarity? A) Both have peptidyl glycan in their cell wall. B) Both have circular, double stranded DNA. C) Both are about the same size. D) Both have 70S ribosomes
Lysosomes of the cell are where A) lysozyme is synthesized. B) secretory proteins are transported to the surface. C) endocytosed material is degraded. D) glycogen is stored as an energy source
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for a cell to degrade its own cytosolic proteins? A) Autophagic vacuoles B) Phagocytosis and secondary lysosome fusion. C) 26S Proteosome degradation. D) All the above are correct mechanisms
Colchicine treatment of cells to disrupt microtubules can result in A) loss of cell shape B) loss of directional movement. C) loss of nutrient transport. D) all of the above
The cytoplasmic matrix is best described as A) A dilute aqueous solution that fills most of the cell. B) A solution of inorganic salts intended to balance osmotic pressure in the cell. C) A semicrystalline mixture mostly of proteins and bound water molecules. D) Material in transit between membrane bound organelles
When Listeria monocytogenes invades a eucaryotic cell, it secretes the ActA protein that A) polymerizes actin filaments, causing the bacterium to move through the cytoplasm. B) depolymerizes microfilaments, allowing the bacterium to move more easily in the cytoplasm. C) degrades the cytoskeleton, allowing the bacterium to travel through the plasma membrane to adjacent cells. D) attaches to microtubules, allowing the bacterium to move along the fibers
The mitochondria is the site of A) protein synthesis B) lipid synthesis C) energy production
Which of the following statements about Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not true? A) ER can transport proteins and lipids to the plasma membrane or for secretion. B) ER is the main site for cell membrane biosynthesis. C) ER is contiguous with the nuclear membrane. D) ER is the main site for synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins
The diploid state of a microorganism refers to the times when cells contain _______ copy (ies) of each chromosome and occurs after mitotic cell division. A) one B) two C) three
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