⟩ What are the chemical bonds of the DNA molecule that are broken for the replication process to occur?
During the DNA replication, process hydrogen bonds between nitrogen-containing bases of the polynucleotide chains are broken.
During the DNA replication, process hydrogen bonds between nitrogen-containing bases of the polynucleotide chains are broken.
What is an effector response?
What is the response type and activity shown by effector molecule cytotoxic T cells?
What is erythropoiesis?
What are interferons?
What is immuno adsorption?
What is the response type and activity shown by effector molecule IFN ? secreted by TH or TC cell?
What is immunofluorescence?
What is an immunotoxin?
What is immune complex?
What are intracellular pathogens?