⟩ 35 year old woman is thought to have a vesico-vaginal fistula. What are the main causes of vesico-vaginal fistulas?
The most common cause of fistula was trauma associated with
pelvic operation, and the operation most often involved was
total abdominal hysterectomy.
Malignant disease of the pelvic organs was the second most
common cause, while radiation therapy and obstetrical causes
were next in the order of frequency.