Rolling forward to recover data that has not been recorded in data files, yet has been recorded

in the on-line redo log, including the contents of rollback segments.

Rolling back transactions that have been explicitly rolled back or have not been committed as

indicated by the rollback segments regenerated in step a.

Releasing any resources (locks) held by transactions in process at the time of the failure.

Resolving any pending distributed transactions undergoing a two-phase commit at the time of

the instance failure.