⟩ What are superscalar machines and VLIW machines?
As superscalar machines become more complex, the difficulties of scheduling instruction issue become more complex. Another way of looking at superscalar machines is as dynamic instruction schedulers - the hardware decides on the fly which instructions to execute in parallel, out of order, etc.
An alternative approach would be to get the compiler to do it beforehand - that is, to statically schedule execution. This is the basic concept behind Very Long Instruction Word, or VLIW machines.