1⟩ What is the incubation period for the disease mumps and what is the causal organism?
the incubation period for mumps is 2-3 weeks and the
causal organism is Myxovirus parotiditis.
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2⟩ What are the causes, cure and preventive measures of (a) Diabetes (b)Plague (c)Typhoid (d)Hydrophobiaor Rabies
(a)Diabetes :- This disease is caused when the body becomes
unable to make use of the sugar present in the food. This
excessive sugar accumulates in the blood and is then passed
through the urine. It early symptoms are not visible to the
patient. The disease is known by the patient only when there
is excessive thirst and when too much urine is passed.
For its cure, there should be regular injections
of insulin ; and for prevention, the diet should be regulated.
Plague :- This disease is caused by the bite of infected rat
flea. It can be cured by Streptomycin and Sulpha drugs. Its
preventive measures are
(1) Complete isolation of the patient.
(2) Burning of dead rats and killing of living rats.
(3) Anti-plague inoculation, Disinfection of the clothes and
utensils of the patient.
Typhoid :- It is an infectious fever and is caused by the
germ known as Typhoid bacillus. It is also caused by
drinking infected water and milk, by eating infected
ice-cream and fish. Its symptoms ate headache, fever etc..
It cure us T.A.B. innoculation
It preventive measures are
(1) Avoid exposure of things to flies.
(2) Disinfection of all clothes and utensils of the patient
(3) Avoid taking under-ripe and over-ripe things
(4) Boiling of water before drinking and washing of
vegetables etc.. with potassium parmaganate.
(5) Complete rest.
Hydrophobia :-It us caused by the bite of a rabid animal
generally a dog. Jackal, fox or cat
Its cure is prophylactic vaccination. It can be
prevented by avoiding bite of a rabid animal and if bitten,
the bitten part should be cleaned well with potassium
parmenganate or hot water.
3⟩ What ate the causes and cure of (a) Malaria (b) Tentanus (c) Scurvy
(a) It is caused by the bite of Anopheles mosquito, Its cure
is quinine.
(b) It is caused by tentanns bacillus which grows only in
the absence of oxygen. The germ enters the skin through a
cut or wound and causes infection. The cure is anti-tentanus
injection
(c) It is caused due to lack if vitamin C. The cure is the
juices of tomatoes, lemons, oranges etc..
4⟩ What preventive measures should be taken for Malaria, Influenza, Cholera?
Malaria:- (1) Draining of the soil
(1) Destruction of the mosquitoe?s eggs
(2) Filling up of pools or draining off of the pools
(3) Use of mosquito-net for sleeping
(4) House should be built at a distance from the marshes
(5) Killing of adult mosquitoes by means of fumigation
(6) Use of Quinine
Influenza:- (1) Over-crowded places of public amusement
should be avoided during the epidemic
(2) Gargling with potassium
per-menganate solution should be done twice a day to promote
hygiene of the mouth
(3) Innoculation
(4) Nourshing diet should be taken
(5) Patient should be isolated
(6) Complete rest after attack
(7) Concurrent disinfection of towels
etc..
Cholera:- (1) Supply of pure water should be made
(2) Ice water and aerated water should be
avoided during the days of epidemic
(3) Food should not be exposed to flies
(4) All vegetables and fruits should be
washed with potassium permanganate before use
(5) Over- ripe and under-ripe things should
not be taken
(6) Utensils and articles if daily use
should be kept away from the patient
(7) Stools and vomits of the patient should
be burnt
(8) Stomach should not be empty
(9) Use of purgatives should be avoided.
5⟩ What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Plasma is an anticoagulant and serum is a clot activator
therefore when blood mixes with plasma it cannot become or
make a clot, but when it is mixed with serum it clots. Many
anticoagulants contain calcium which binds with blood,
other contain potassium oxalate which can act as a
preservative for the blood.
When blood is mixed with serum it will clot faster because
many contain thrombin which coagulates faster and other
thixotropic gel which acts as thrombin.
6⟩ Which disease occurs due to the deficiency of vitamin "D"? what r its symptoms?
Rickets is the disease which is occuring due to the
deficiency of vitamin "D".
Its symptoms are deformed leg,pelvis and bones will lose
their strength due to the deficiency of "D".
This vitamin is otherwise called as sunshine vitamin,because
we can get this vitamin directly from sunlight.
7⟩ What are chrithidial forms of leishmania donovani?
Chrithidial forms of leishmania donovani are leptomonas and
leptomonad forms.In these leptomonas is flagellate form and
leptomonad is ciliate form.In the disease kalaazar
leptomonad forms lives in the peripheral layers in the
dermis and actively move at night times.leptomonas are
inactive forms and they lie in the deeper layers of dermis.
8⟩ What are elisa tests and pcr tests?
ELISA TEST is the test to identify whether the particular
person is affected by HIV virus or not.
ELISA means Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
In this test person's blood is tested by introducing HIV
antibodies. If blood clots within 30 seconds then the
person is said to be HIV positive otherwise hiv negative.
PCR test is the test to identify the aminoacid sequence in
a polypeptide chain of a specific protein.
PCR means Polymerase Chain Reaction.
9⟩ If ASO test comes positive,than what would be the solution?
i would like to do Repeate test
if again positive came i will do ASO Titre
10⟩ What are arboviruses?
the viruses which are transmitted through arthropods are
known as arboviruses.
eg:in the disease encephalitis these arboviruses acts as
disease transmittants.
11⟩ What is the normal count of WBC per ml of blood?
in blood wbc count is 5-7 *10 powers 12.
12⟩ What is the total salt content of blood plasma?
total salt content of blood plasma is about 0.85-0.9%
approximately.
main salts are sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
along with this several chlorodes,phosphates,carbonates and
bicarbonates of sodium,calcium,magnesium are present.
13⟩ Name the instrument which is used for counting rbc?
HAEMOCYTOMETER is an instrument used for counting the
red blood cells per millimetre of blood.
14⟩ Name the essential aminoacid present in children?
essential amino acid present in children is histidine
15⟩ Name the causal organism of measles?
measles is caused by a virus.it's known as paramyxo virus.
its main genetic component is rna virus.
16⟩ What is the Normal range for fast blood sugar?
fasting blood sugar after 8 hours of overnight fasting shall
be between 70 to 99 mg/dl. Any increase from this range
shall be viewed seriously and blood sugar checked
periodically with glucometer or by means of any accredited lab.
17⟩ What are the medias that should be sterilized in Inspiration process?
Lofflers media and Lovenson Jensen media
18⟩ Specific gravity for normal range of Urine?
1.0101 to 1.025
19⟩ What is the temperature that maintained in Spisation method of Sterlization?
75C to 80C
20⟩ What is aids?
Acvit immuno daffcance syndrome
