Basic Networking

One of two sublayers of the data link layer of OSI reference model, as defined by the IEEE 802 standard. This sublayer is responsible for maintaining the link between computers when they are sending data across the physical network connection.

One of the main causes of congestion is that traffic is often busy. If hosts could be made to transmit at a uniform rate, congestion would be less common. Another open loop method to help manage congestion is forcing the packet to be transmitted at a more predictable rate. This is called traffic shaping.

NETBIOS is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and received from a remote computer and it hides the networking hardware from applications.

NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by Microsoft and IBM for the use on small subnets.

It provides a framework for discussing network operations and design.

is using a router to answer ARP requests. This will be done when the originating host believes that a destination is local, when in fact is lies beyond router.

It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems use to identify the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system

It is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system.

It is an Internet routing protocol that scales well, can route traffic along multiple paths, and uses knowledge of an Internet's topology to make accurate routing decisions.

It is an authentication service developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kerberos uses encryption to prevent intruders from discovering passwords and gaining unauthorized access to files.

It is a very simple protocol used for transmission of IP datagrams across a serial line.

It is a system that performs a protocol translation between different electronic mail delivery protocols.

It is a simple protocol used to exchange information between the routers.

It is a set of rules defining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. The NVT is used in the start of a Telnet session.

It is a sequence of IP addresses identifying the route a datagram must follow. A source route may optionally be included in an IP datagram header.

It is a protocol used to advertise the set of networks that can be reached with in an autonomous system. BGP enables this information to be shared with the autonomous system. This is newer than EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).

It is a protocol formerly used to exchange routing information between Internet core routers.

It is a problem that can ruin TCP performance. This problem occurs when data are passed to the sending TCP entity in large blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving side reads 1 byte at a time.

It is a host that has a multiple network interfaces and that requires multiple IP addresses is called as a Multi-homed Host.

It is a collection of routers under the control of a single administrative authority and that uses a common Interior Gateway Protocol.