Telecom Industry

GSM is a circuit switched network which is used for voice

call.for data call we use GPRS.Gprs uses network elements of

gsm but it has two additional nodes (SGSN,GGSN).by using

these two nodes we can connect to PDN(packet data network)

and make packet call(downloadig)

data speeds of gsm 13kb/s

while in gprs 171kb/s

In india its 1920-1980

and 2110-2170 MHZ

In Gsm We use routing number towards the calling subscriber

and tldn towards the calling subscriber , but in cdma the

subcriber will not be allocated any routing number for the

internal routing, i..e.. for the itra cell or intra msc

routing there will be no token issued, but for the inter

msc there will be token only towards called party.

Crankback is a mechanism used by ATM networks when a

connection setup request is blocked because a node along a

selected path cannot accept the request. In this case, the

path is rolled back to an intermediate node, which attempts

to discover another path to the final destination

Error ratios used in conjunction with GSM speech channels:

· Frame Erasure Rate, FER, is defined as the amount of swept speech frames (260 bits each)

divided by the amount of transmitted speech frames. The speech frame is swept if even one of

its most important 50 bits is observed not to be correct. The three parity bits following the 50

class Ia bits are used for error detection.

· Bit Error Rate, BER, is the ratio of erroneously received bits to all received bits. It is

important to notice that BER is evaluated before channel decoding, i.e. after equaliser. BER is

used for defining the RXQUAL value

43dbm/20 Wattb but this the output pwr of TRX So Total o/p

pwr of BTS depends on no. of TRX and also no. of combiner used

as per the utilization of sector,we can configure the

sectors a,b,c like below combination...

if 1st sector utilization is high 4+2+2

if 2nd sector utilization is high 2+4+2

if 3rd sector utilization is high 2+2+4

Network operation center (NOC). NOCs are responsible for

monitoring the network for alarms like as power fail,

Service affected alarm (site down,LAPD OML fault, TRX close

HPA alarm etc)& communicate its field engineer to solved the

problem. if need any support for software base they provide

to recover the problem.

A Network Management System (NMS) is a combination of

hardware and software used to monitor and administer a

network. Communicate with NOC recover the Alarm.

NMS-->NOC-->Field Engineers=Solved the problem

Here we need to make a server and check individual internet speed of each consumer using our services.