Automation

We can take the screenshots in selenium by using getScreenshotAs method of TakesScreenshot interface:

File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("C:screenshot1.jpg"));

“Find Button” of Selenium IDE is used to test the locator. Clicking on this button, you will see on screen if your element locator is right or wrong.

Also, you can use “FirePath” plugin in FireFox

The combination of data driven and keyword driven framework is called the hybrid. Here the operations/instructions/keywords in a separate repository (.csv/.xls/.json/DB) and data is in separate (.csv/.xls/.json/db from data provider) and the tests/driver would read both and perform the actual tests automatically. In this design, we get the best of both methodologies, and it is kind of practical in most of the automation cases.

You can get the width of the textbox by using the following command:

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath of textbox ”)).getSize().getWidth();

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xpath of textbox ”)).getSize().getHeight()

Code to mouse hover over an element in Selenium:

Actions action = new Actions(driver);

WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));

action.moveToElement(element).perform();

isSelected() method is used to verify if the checkbox/radio is checked or not. An example -

driver.findElement(By.xpath("XPath of the checkbox/radio button")).isSelected();

The return method type is logical. If it returns true then element is visible otherwise it is not. isDisplayed() method could be used for it:

driver.findElement(By.id(“id_of_element”)).isDisplayed();

The keyword driven framework is a methodology where actions or steps are treated as keywords. These keywords (like click, move, type etc.,) are stored in some external repositories along just like data (in .csv/.json/.xls/DB).

AJAX allows the Web page to retrieve small amounts of data from the server without reloading the entire page.

The different wait methods should be applied for testing Ajax application:

☛ ThreadSleep

☛ Implicit Wait

☛ Explicit Wait

☛ WebdriverWait

☛ Fluent Wait

Assertion is used as a verification point. It verifies that the application state conforms to the expectation. The types of assertion are “assert”, “verify” and “waifFor”.

User can retrieve the text of the specified web element by using get command. It doesn’t require any parameter but returns a string value.

String Text = driver.findElement(By.id(“Some Text”)).getText()

is an example of it.

The next Actions class is used to perform drag and drop:

Actions builder = new Actions(driver);

Action dragAndDrop = builder.clickAndHold(SourceElement)

moveToElement(TargetElement)

release(TargetElement)

build();

dragAndDrop.perform();

The fastest WebDriver is HtmlUnitDriver. Differing of other drivers (FireFoxDriver, ChromeDriver etc), it’s non-GUI, while running no browser gets launched.

Selenium WebDriver drives the browser using built-in support. RC injects JavaScript function into browsers when the page is loaded.

We should create an instance of a driver of a particular browser:

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Both of them check if the given condition is true or false. Unlike to "assert", "verify" will not stop the test case execution if the test case fail.

To handle colors could be handled in Selenium WebDriver by using Use getCssValue(arg0) function to get the colors by sending ‘color’ string as an argument.

As all links are of anchor tag 'a', so we can find all of them on a web page by locating elements of tagName ‘a’:

List links = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

File uploading action could be performed by using element.sendKeys("path of file") on the webElement of input tag and type file: < name="fileUpload" type="file" />

The list of commands to refresh a page in Selenium:

☛ navigate().refresh()

☛ getCurrentUrl()

☛ navigate().to(driver.getCurrentUrl())

☛ sendKeys(Keys.F5)