Red Hat Certification

1. Use fdisk /dev/hda ->To create new partition.

2. Type n-> For New partitions

3. It will ask for Logical or Primary Partitions. Press l for logical.

4. It will ask for the Starting Cylinder: Use the Default by pressing Enter Key.

5. Type the Size: +100M ->You can Specify either Last cylinder of Size here.

6. Press P to verify the partitions lists and remember the partitions name.

7. Press w to write on partitions table.

8. Either Reboot or use partprobe command.

9. Use mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda?

10. Or

11. mke2fs -j /dev/hda? To create ext3 filesystem.

12. vi /etc/fstab

13. Write:

14. /dev/hda? /data ext3 defaults 0 0

11. Verify by mounting on current Sessions also:

15. mount /dev/hda? /data

Network problem think to check:

1. IP Configuration: use ifconfig command either IP is assigned to interface or not?

2. Default Gateway is set or not?

3. Hostname is set or not?

4. Routing problem is there?

5. Device Driver Module is loaded or not?

6. Device is activated or not?

Check In this way:

1. use ifconfig command and identify which IP is assigned or not.

2. cat /etc/sysconfig/network What, What is written here. Actually here are these parameters.

NETWORKING=yes or no

GATEWAY=x.x.x.x

HOSTNAME=?

NISDOMAIN=?

- Correct the file

3. Use netconfig command

- Either Select Automatically from DHCP or assign the static IP

4. Use service network restart or start command

Now try to ping it will work.

The LVM system organizes hard disks into Logical Volume (LV) groups. Essentially,

physical hard disk partitions (or possibly RAID arrays) are set up in a bunch of equalsized chunks known as

Physical Extents (PE). As there are several other concepts

associated with the LVM system, let's start with some basic definitions:

Physical Volume (PV) is the standard partition that you add to the LVM mix.

Normally, a physical volume is a standard primary or logical partition. It can also

be a RAID array.

Physical Extent (PE) is a chunk of disk space. Every PV is divided into a number

of equal sized PEs. Every PE in a LV group is the same size. Different LV groups

can have different sized PEs.

Logical Extent (LE) is also a chunk of disk space. Every LE is mapped to a

specific PE.

Logical Volume (LV) is composed of a group of LEs. You can mount a

filesystem such as /home and /var on an LV.

Volume Group (VG) is composed of a group of LVs. It is the organizational

group for LVM. Most of the commands that you'll use apply to a specific VG.

1. Verify the size of Logical Volume: lvdisplay /dev/vg0/lv1

2. Verify the Size on mounted directory: df -h or df -h mounted directory name

3. Use : lvextend -L+400M /dev/vg0/lv1

4. resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv1 to bring extended size online.

5. Again Verify using lvdisplay and df -h command.

Quotas are used to limit a user's or a group of users' ability to consume disk space. This

prevents a small group of users from monopolizing disk capacity and potentially

interfering with other users or the entire system. Disk quotas are commonly used by ISPs,

by Web hosting companies, on FTP sites, and on corporate file servers to ensure

continued availability of their systems.

Without quotas, one or more users can upload files on an FTP server to the point of

filling a filesystem. Once the affected partition is full, other users are effectively denied

upload access to the disk. This is also a reason to mount different filesystem directories

on different partitions. For example, if you only had partitions for your root (/) directory

and swap space, someone uploading to your computer could fill up all of the space in

your root directory (/). Without at least a little free space in the root directory (/), your

system could become unstable or even crash.

You have two ways to set quotas for users. You can limit users by inodes or by kilobytesized

disk blocks. Every Linux file requires an inode. Therefore, you can limit users by

the number of files or by absolute space. You can set up different quotas for different

filesystems. For example, you can set different quotas for users on the /home and /tmp

directories if they are mounted on their own partitions.

Limits on disk blocks restrict the amount of disk space available to a user on your system.

Older versions of Red Hat Linux included LinuxConf, which included a graphical tool to

configure quotas. As of this writing, Red Hat no longer has a graphical quota

configuration tool. Today, you can configure quotas on RHEL only through the command

line interface.

1. vi /etc/fstab

/dev/hda11 /data ext3 defaults,usrquota 1 2

2. Either Reboot the System or remount the partition.

Mount -o remount /dev/hda11 /data

3. touch /data/aquota.user

4. quotacheck -ufm /data

5. quotaon -u /data

6. edquota -u user1 /data

and Specified the Soft limit and hard limit on opened file.