Pilot

Professional Engineer license is required for people who aspire to go in as officially approved engineer. The design specification is done by self-employed people or working in small business. General aerospace engineers work for government or for big companies and hence few people are not very keen on becoming PE?s. To become a PE one has to pass an exam on fundamentals of engineering which takes alot of hours to gruel and work under a licensed PE for about four years. In addition, they have to grow through a principle and practice of engineering exam, which requires about 8 hours.

Each job profile even in aerospace industry differs from others. Mainly in aerospace, there are two branches or field. One is aeronautical and other is astronautical engineering.

► Electronic warfare has three main elements:

ES - Electronic support - This has high passive acquisition intelligence about friend and foe

EA - Electronic attack - that has passive and active denial of RF spectrum

EP - Electronic protection protects friendly personnel and assets by active and passive techniques.

The full form of SPICE is Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis.

Aeronautical engineering works on tunnel tests, analyzing flight test data, manned space flights, planning future space missions, spacecraft operations, designing and testing robotic systems, developing new propulsion system, computing optimum flight trajectories, developing communication systems for distance space probes and designing new rockets.

Astronautical engineer includes designing power systems for spacecraft structure, developing communications systems for distant space probes, developing hardware skills for operations in spacecraft, designing and testing robotic systems, developing new propulsion systems and computing optimum flight.

Aerospace Engineers are involved in all aspects of aeronautics (working with aircraft) and astronautics (working with spacecraft). They conduct research, and design and develop vehicles and systems for atmospheric and space environments. These engineers often specialize in one of many areas such as aerodynamics, propulsion, flight mechanics, orbital mechanics, fluids, structures, guidance & control, and computation.

The field of aerospace technology offers a wide range of employment opportunities to those with the proper educational background. An aerospace team is made up of engineers, scientists, and technicians. Positions are available through the private sector as well as within the U. S. Government. Examples of major engineering roles in the aerospace industry include:

►Analysis

►Design

►Materials and Processes

►Systems Engineering

►Software Development

►Manufacturing

►Flight Research

►Field Service

This is the widely used analog simulator, which was developed at electronics research lab of California University.

Generally, a Bachelor's Degree in Aerospace Engineering is required to work as an aerospace engineer. The University of Texas offers this degree as well as Master's and Doctorate programs. Successful aerospace engineers have the proper educational background, possess good communication skills, and are committed to being a part of a team.

There are various steps required to solve the problems of aircraft flying high and at very large speed are as follows:

► Build stiff wings that allow and provide the resistance to torsional diversion beyond the maximum speed of the aircraft.

► Use two sets of ailerons and one outboard pair that can be operated at low speeds.

► Use of one inboard pair that can be used to operate on high speeds, this will have less twisting impact when the ailerons are positioned outboard.

► Use spoilers that can be positioned independently or can be paired with ailerons. These reduce the lift on the down going wing by interrupting the airflow over the top surface.

► When the force is applied tangentially on solid then it experiences a finite deformation and shear stress that is proportional to the deformation. Whereas, when the same shear stress is applied on the surface of fluid then it experiences continuous increasing deformation where, the shear stress is proportional to the rate of change of deformation.

► The fluid dynamic is dividend in three different areas. They are as follows: Hydrodynamics (flow of liquids), Gas dynamics (flow of gases) and Aerodynamics (flow of air). Whereas, the state of, solid doesn't represent any of the stages.

The rudder is involved in providing the movement to the ports that gives a lift force to starboard. This will allow the aircraft to turn and uses the ailerons effectively to bank the aircraft by minimum use of rudder. The functions performed by rudder are as follows:

► It is used with different applications that are involved in taking off and landing to keep aircraft straight.

► Providing assistance that is, limited only for the aircraft to turn correctly.

► Used in applications during spin to reduce the roll rate of the aircraft and there are some applications that provides low speeds and high angles to allow the raising of the wings.

The criteria that are required for an aircraft to be longitudinal statically stable, is:

► To have a nose-down pitching disturbance that is used to produce the aerodynamics forces to give a nose-up restoring moment.

► This restoring moment that is produced should be large enough to return the aircraft to its original position after the disturbance.

► The requirements are met by using the tail-plain that is horizontal stabilizer used to provide the stability to the aircraft.

There are two sources that are involved in the case of aerodynamics forces and moments that are on the body. These forces are as follows:

► Pressure distribution:

This is the distribution that is over the body surface

► Shear stress distribution:

This is the distribution that is over the body surface

These sources are for the body shapes and it doesn't matter how complex they are. The mechanism that is being used to communicate with the bodies that is moving through a fluid. Both the pressure (p) and shear stress (?) having the dimension force per unit area. This helps the movement of the body through the fluid.

The main source of power is the hydraulic motor that is provided by the scheduled service and involves operations that allow technicians to solve complex system problems. This setup required certifying the technician to operate all the system the same way as it is been done with one system. The hydraulic motor needs to be operated the same way and maintained in a proper way. The alignment need to in synchronization with the aircraft auxiliary power unity (APU) before anything is done with the aircraft positioning. A standard need to, be followed to maintain the aircrafts and its parts equipped and working.

People working on these areas as an aerospace engineer should have familiarity and exposure to NASTRAN and MAT LAB with knowledge on space environment and modeling of flexible dynamics. These aerospace engineers will be responsible to conduct stress analysis on metallic and composite structures. NASTRAN, IDEAD, Oracle, and PATRAN proficiency level is required. Their duties also include on aircraft, which are metallic and composite structures. This includes and understanding of control surface stiffness and loop calculations, finite element modeling (FEM), fatigue testing requirement and analysis.