Biology

Chemical reactions occur because the products of the reaction have less energy than the reactants (drive toward less energy). These reactions release energy into the environment, like the burning of a match. Chemical reactions also occur because the products are more random (less ordered) than the reactant (drive toward greater entropy).

A Centriole is like a straw because they both are tubes that let things get from one end to the other end.

The centriole has a round look to it because it is made from nine triplets of microtubules that make a straw-like (as said above) look.

Formycin B is a drug used to destroy of intestinal parasites.

The microbiocidal action of Iodine is due to the active form, I2, which is polarized by water and like all halogens (chlorine, fluorine, bromine, etc.), acts as an extremely potent oxidizer. Activated iodine (I2) reacts in electrophilic reactions with enzymes of the respiratory chain as well as with amino acids located in cell membrane and cell wall proteins. The well-balanced tertiary structure necessary for maintaining the respiratory chain as well as cell integrity is destroyed and the microorganism is irreversibly damaged.

In DNA, Adenine bonds with Thymine, Cytosine bonds with Guanine. In RNA, Thymine is replaced with Uracil (bases capitalized for easy emphasis/reference, not grammar.)

Purines and Pyrimidines are two families of Nitrogenous bases.

In DNA:

Adenine and Guanine: Purines

Cytosine and Thymine: Pyrimidines

Adenine bonds with Thymine and Guanine bonds with Cytosine.

A&T have 2 hydrogen bonds and G&C have 3 hydrogen bonds.

Cam stands for Crassulacean acid metabolism.

C3 and C4 conserve less water than Cam plants.

Actually, C4 plant captures more carbon than C3 plant. In the struggle to reduce carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, genetic scientists have modified some large-scale crops into C4 bases. Cam plant is wholly different from C3 and C4 and examples of are the cactus and other succulent plants in order to survive in dry dusty regions. In Cam plants, carbon fixation occurs at night while C3 and C4 plants carry out photosynthesis during daylights.

Both xylem and phloem are vascular tissues found in a plant. Xylem is a tubular structure, which is responsible for water transport from the roots towards all of the parts of the plant. Phloem is also a tubular structure, which, on the other hand, is responsible for the transportation of food and other nutrients needed by plant.

A lot of Physiology will teach about the function of animals and their parts. This is very important, so you know about the animals you take care of and about parts affected by certain illnesses and injury. Biochemistry is the chemical processes of living things- digestion, defecation, blood, etc.

Being in cold temperature air with proper shelter and clothing, humans can survive indefinitely, even if the temperature is below zero degrees. However, a person in regular clothing immersed in water just above freezing will last only a few minutes.

As for heat: A sauna can reach temperatures of close to 200 degrees, but since the air is around 10% humidity, it actually feels comfortable and has many healing properties. However, if the air is 90% humidity, then the safe temperature is more like around 110 degrees.

So maybe a better question to ask is at what temperature and humidity combinations are humans capable of surviving?

Roughly, 6 trillion are in the average human brain.

If the nucleolus is the president of a factory then the nucleolus is the manager. Just picture the cell as a factory, everybody working together and each having different stations. It would do what the president says

The bird heart has a single aortic arch on the right side of its body while the mammalian heart has one on the left.

Autophagy, being the degradation of cytoplasmic components as well as other organelles, is generally done with the lysosomes. The lysosomes, contain enzymes (hydrolase and others) to digest these worn out, damaged, or infected parts, which keeps the cell healthy and clean. mTOR regulates this process (mammalian target of rapamycin). Lysosomes do carry out a similar procedure to autophagy. It is called autolysis, and that is when the lysosome, excretes all of its digestive juices into the cell. It is like a self-destruct and the entire cell is condemned to a digestive end. Do not worry it only applies to damaged cells.

(1) It is a Mode of asexual account in which a single parent is involved. The amoeba cell, which is unicellular, divides into two daughter cells, which are identical. First, the nucleus divides, then the cytoplasm and then plasma membranes.

(2) Sporulation when the environmental conditions are unfavorable, the amoeba cell secrets a 3 forming a cyst. This is called encystations. When are favorable the cell divides by multiple fission and form small pseudopodiospores the like totally wall breaks all the houses pseudopodiospores are released.

Yes, in fact there are ribosomes in both plant and animal cells.

That is right. Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of polypeptide chains; proteins are formed from polypeptide chains. Both animals and plants need proteins for many purposes, not least as enzymes.

There are also ribosomes in prokaryotic cells, but these are smaller. The ribosomes in prokaryotes have a sedimentation rate of 70S (Svedberg units); eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes.

They are the sites of protein synthesis, which makes them as important as other cell organelles.

1. Due to the presence of the bushy trees close together in the forest, sunlight does not penetrate easily to the ground. This is not suitable condition for grass to grow up.

2. Large trees take up majority of minerals and water substance, little left for these green grasses to grow.

3. Roots of these trees hold up the soil so that it is difficult for grass to penetrate the soil.

Therefore, there is little or no grass in the forest with big trees close together. Otherwise, if trees are rare then we can find grass.

Reflexive memory relies on the cerebellum and amygdala. Compare between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence oxygen, creates a maximum of 38 ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, and creates a maximum of 2 ATP. Aerobic respiration has both substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation while anaerobic respiration has only substrate level phosphorlyation. Also, but use glycolysis.

In anaerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde, but in respiration, the final acceptor is oxygen.