Psychology

* a) Pressure at the venous end exceeds that at the arterial end.

* b) Radius exceeds that of a typical arteriole.

* c) Tension in the wall increases as the hydrostatic pressure rises.

* d) Radius is more than three times as great as the radius of a red blood cell.

* e) Tension in the wall is proportional to the fourth power of the radius.

Answer - c

* a) Is phasic

* b) Increases primarily due to sympathetic vasodilatation in skeletal muscle blood vessels

* c) Increases only because mean arterial pressure increases.

* d) Increases during contraction, and decreases during relaxation

* e) Occurs at the same rate as blood flow through resting muscle

Answer - a

* a) Heart rate could increase by 200 beats per minute.

* b) Stroke volume could increase by about 100 ml.

* c) Cardiac output would increase only when the air temperature increased.

* d) It takes several minutes from the start of the event, for the heart rate to increase.

* e) Total peripheral resistance decreases.

Answer - e

* a) Increases the expiratory reserve and inspiratory reserve volumes

* b) Increases linearly with work rate, up to about 5 L

* c) Is caused by recruitment of motor units in the muscles of breathing

* d) Is 10 times the resting tidal volume

* e) Is 10 times the vital capacity

Answer - c

* a) Parasympathetic stimulation increases blood flow to active skeletal muscle.

* b) Vasodilatation occurs in all organs.

* c) Sympathetic stimulation vasoconstricts the coronary circulation

* d) Sympathetic nerve fibers supplying the viscera are inhibited.

* e) The duration of ventricular diastole is shortened considerably, compared to the duration of systole.

Answer - e

* a) Heart rate can reach higher levels than in an untrained person exercising at an equivalent workload.

* b) Stroke volume is greater than in an untrained person.

* c) Vagal tone is lower than in an untrained person.

* d) Vascular resistance is lower than in an untrained person.

* e) Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is less than in an untrained person.

Answer - b

True

False

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False

* a) Has the units of cm water pressure per ml of air

* b) Is the change in volume for a given change in pressure?

* c) Has the units of cm water pressure per ml of air per minute

* d) Of the human lung can only be measured when the lung has been removed from the body.

* e) Is decreased by an increased airways resistance

Answer - b

True

True

False

* a) The greater the effort of inspiration, the greater the flow rate

* b) The greater the effort of expiration, the greater the flow rate, particularly at low lung volumes.

* c) Expired air flows fastest at lung volumes near residual volume.

* d) The greatest overall resistance to airflow occurs at the level of the narrowest bronchioles.

* e) Radial traction increases the resistance to airflow during inspiration.

Answer - a