There are three types of emergency landings like:

☛ Forced landing: This is a situation where Air Craft engine fails and Pilot is forced to land the plane in the nearest airport.

☛ Precautionary landing: This is used when Pilot faces a problem due to severe weather conditions, or being lost in the air space traffic or due to lack of fuel or expecting an engine trouble.

☛ Ditching: This is when where Pilot cannot avoid this situation but to just land on water, which is safer than air bound.