Diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, small-pox, cholera,

typhoid which are caused by the entry if germs into out body

are known as infectious or communicable diseases. The germs

that cause these diseases pass form one man to another in

various ways. People suffering form pneumonia, cold,

influenza in various ways, spit out in to the atmosphere

numerous bacteria of these diseases. Such bacteria may be

inhaled by other persons through the air they breathe in. A

typhoid or cholera patient discharges with his excreta

millions of typhoid or cholera germs. If the clothes of

these patients are wash in tanks, the germs of these

diseases get mixed with water, who would drink this

contaminated water. Files play a very important part in the

spread of diseases. Thus the disease-germs spread through

air, food and water, or by direct contact

Diseases can, thus, be prevented by

destroying these disease carrying germs. Nature has it self

provided with germ-killing agents. They are sunlight and

dry air. Heat is employed to kill germs. The clothes,

bedding etc. of a sick man can be disinfected by boiling

then in water. Cups, spoons and other vessels used by a

sick person can also be made free from germs by heating

these directly or by boiling then in water. The room of the

patient should be washed with any of the popular

disinfectants available in the market. Cholera germs can be

destroyed by potassium permanganate. Files which are

carriers of disease germs should also be destroyed.

Similarly rats which cause plague should be killed, Breeding

places of vaccination should be carried out to prevent

small-pox . These should be used on a mass-scale whenever

there is the danger of an epidemic. These vaccines make the

human body immume for various kinds of diseased.

Local bodies play a very important role

in the prevention of diseased. Even if an individual eats

the right kind of food, breathes pure and fresh air,

observes personal cleanliness and keep his house and

surroundings clean, he may yet fall ill by association with

others in his neighbourhood, who may not be as clean as he

should be. It is the responsibility of the local body to see

that the streets, public parks, schools, public halls and

other places where people congregate are kept clean. Open

drains should be cleaned everyday, wells should be

disinfected, dust-bins are away from residential buildings

municipality should be clean and not contaminated.

Adulterated foodstuffs should not be allowed to be sold and

sweets and cut-fruit should be properly protected againg

flies and other germs-carrying insects