the advantages are

► in medical research, transgenic animals are used to

identify the functions of specific factors in complex

homeostatic systems through over- or under-expression of a

modified gene (the inserted transgene);

► in toxicology: as responsive test animals (detection of

toxicants);

► in mammalian developmental genetics;

► in molecular biology, the analysis of the regulation of

gene expression makes use of the evaluation of a specific

genetic change at the level of the whole animal;

► in the pharmaceutical industry, targeted production of

pharmaceutical proteins, drug production and product

efficacy testing;

► in biotechnology: as producers of specific proteins;