The Operator ! is the C++ operator to perform the Boolean operation NOT, it has only one operand, located at its right, and the only thing that it does is to inverse the value of it, producing false if its operand is true and true if its operand is false. Basically, it returns the opposite Boolean value of evaluating its operand. For example:!(5 == 5) // evaluates to false because the expression at its right (5 == 5) is true. !(6 <= 4) // evaluates to true because (6 <= 4) would be false. !true // evaluates to false!false // evaluates to true. The logical operators && and || are used when evaluating two expressions to obtain a single relational result. The operator && corresponds with Boolean logical operation AND. This operation results true if both its two operands are true, and false otherwise. The following panel shows the result of operator && evaluating the expression a && b:&& OPERATOR:a b a && btrue true truetrue false falsefalse true falsefalse false falseThe operator || corresponds with Boolean logical operation OR. This operation results true if either one of its two operands is true, thus being false only when both operands are false themselves. Here are the possible results of a || b:|| OPERATOR:a b a || btrue true truetrue false truefalse true truefalse false falseFor example:( (5 == 5) && (3 > 6) ) // evaluates to false ( true && false ).( (5 == 5) || (3 > 6) ) // evaluates to true ( true || false ). When using the logical operators, C++ only evaluates what is necessary from left to right to come up with the combined relational result, ignoring the rest. Therefore, in this last example ((5==5)||(3>6)), C++ would evaluate first whether 5==5 is true, and if so, it would never check whether 3>6 is true or not. This is known as short-circuit evaluation, and works like this for these operators:operator short-circuit&& if the left-hand side expression is false, the combined result is false (right-hand side expression not evaluated).|| if the left-hand side expression is true, the combined result is true (right-hand side expression not evaluated).This is mostly important when the right-hand expression has side effects, such as altering values: if ((i<10)&&(++i<n)) { /*...*/ }This combined conditional expression increases i by one, but only if the condition on the left of && is true, since otherwise the right-hand expression (++i<n) is never evaluated. C++
Topic: Operators
Explain about Logical operators ( !, &&, || ) with example ?
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