161⟩ What is Threshold energy?
The minimum amount of energy required for the reaction to takes place is called threshold energy.
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237 Bio Chemistry Questions And Answers
162⟩ Define Equilibrium state
The chemical reaction at one time the rate of forward and backward reaction becomes equal that state is called Equilibrium state.
163⟩ Who proposed law of mass action? What does it states?
Laws of mass action were proposed by Gulberg and Waage. The rate of chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the active masses of the reactants (molar concentrations of the reactants)
164⟩ How do you define the molecularity of a reaction?
The number of species participating in the slowest step of the reaction is called molecularity of the reaction.
165⟩ What are dextrorotary compounds and Levi rotary compounds?
Compounds that rotate the plane polarized light to the right are called Dextro rotatory compounds and that rotate the plane polarized light to the left are called Leavo rotatory.
166⟩ Which form of isomers of a substance is more stable?
Trans -Isomer of a substance is more stable than Cis-Isomer.
167⟩ What are the main factors that alter the speed of enzymatic reactions?
The main factors that change the speed of enzymatic reactions are temperature, pH and substrate concentration (quantity).
168⟩ Define Geometrical Isomerism.
Isomers, which differ in the orientation of groups around the double bounded carbon atoms, are called geometrical Isomers. It is also called as Cis-Trans Isomerism.
169⟩ What are enantimorphs and diastereomers ?
Optical Isomers of a substance that are mirror images of each other are called Enantiomers (or) Enantimorphs. Ex: d and L – Lactic acid
Optical Isomers of a substance that are not mirror images of each other are called Diastereomers. Ex: d-Tartaric and meso –Tartaric acids
170⟩ Why ethylene undergoes electrophilic addition reactions?
Ethylene is unsaturated Hydrocarbon. Due to the presence of loosely bound pi electrons between two carbon atoms ethylene CH2=CH2 is more reactive towards addition reactions.
171⟩ What is markownikoff’s rule?
In addition, of hydrogen halides to the unsymmetrical alkens, Hydrogen is added to the carbon atom containing more number of hydrogen atoms and halide is added to the carbon atoms containing lesser number of hydrogen atoms.
Ex; CH2-CHBr-CH3àCH3-CH=CH2+HBr--
Iso Prophyl Bromide
172⟩ What is the relation between vitamins and enzyme cofactors?
Many vitamins are enzyme cofactors that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be obtained from the diet.
173⟩ What is saytzeff’s rule?
The formation Alkenes by the dehydration of alcohols (using concentrated H2SO4) the hydrogen atom will be removed (to remove as water) from the adjacent carbon atom linked to the less number of hydrogen atoms.
Example: In the dehydration of Butane – 2Ol
2Butane is formed
CH3-CH=CH-CH3+H2Oàconcentrated H2SO4àCh3-CH2-CH-CH3
But2-ene
174⟩ Polymers of vinyl chloride are.
Polymers of Vinyl chloride are called PVC and it is used as plastic.
175⟩ What is the activation center of an enzyme? Is it the key or the lock of the lock and key model?
The activation center is a region of the enzyme produced by its spatial conformation to which the substrate binds. In the lock and key model, the activation center is the lock and the substrate is the key.
176⟩ On what structural level of the enzyme (primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary) does the enzyme-substrate interaction depend?
The substrate binds to the enzyme in the activation centers. These are specific three-dimensional sites and thus they depend on the protein tertiary and quaternary structures. The primary and secondary structures however condition the other structures and so they are equally important.
177⟩ Why can it be said that the enzymatic action is highly specific?
The enzymatic action is highly specific because only specific substrates of one enzyme bind to the activation center of that enzyme. Each enzyme generally catalyzes only a specific chemical reaction.
178⟩ Which type of reactions did Acetylene undergoes?
Acetylene undergoes both additions as well as substitution reactions
179⟩ What happen to a denaturated enzyme regarding its functionality? How that result can be explained with the help of the lock and key model?
According to the lock and key model, the enzyme functionality depends entirely on the integrity of the activation center, a molecular region with specific spatial characteristics. After the denaturation the spatial conformation of the protein is modified, the activation center is destroyed and the enzyme loses its catalytic activity.
180⟩ How is the cooling of organs and tissues for medical transplantations associated with the effect of temperature upon enzymatic reactions?
The molecular degradation during the decomposition of organs and tissues is catalyzed by enzymes. The cooling to adequate temperatures of some organs and tissues destined to transplantation reduces that enzyme activity and thus lessens the natural decomposition process. By the same rational the cooling reduces the metabolic work of cells and prevents that, they degrade their own structures to obtain energy. Elevation of temperature later revert denaturation of enzymes and the organs and tissues also preserved by other specific techniques may be grafted into the receptors.
