“Active Directory Interview Questions and Answers will guide us now that Active Directory is a technology created by Microsoft that provides a variety of network services, including LDAP-like directory services, Kerberos-based authentication, DNS-based naming and other network information, Central location for network administration and delegation, Information security and single sign-on for user access to networked based resources so learn more by this Active Directory Interview Questions Answer”
Group Policy applies to the user or computer in a manner that depends on where both the user and the computer objects are located in Active Directory. However, in some cases, users may need policy applied to them based on the location of the computer object alone. You can use the Group Policy loop back feature to apply GPOs that depend only on which computer the user logs on to.
Kerberos V5 is the primary security protocol for authentication within a domain. The Kerberos V5 protocol verifies both the identity of the user and network services. This dual verification is known as mutual authentication.
Temporary loss of the schema operations master will be visible only if we are trying to modify the schema or install an application that modifies the schema during installation. A DC whose schema master role has been seized must never be brought back online.
The Kerberos V5 authentication mechanism issues tickets (A set of identification data for a security principle, issued by a DC for purposes of user authentication. Two forms of tickets in Windows 2000 are ticket-granting tickets (TGTs) and service tickets) for accessing network services. These tickets contain encrypted data, including an encrypted password, which confirms the user's identity to the requested service.
1) In a DC use the %systemroot%system32Setpwd.exe (SP2 or Later) utility to change the SAM-based Administrator password. To change the SAM Administrator password on a remote DC, type the following command
Setpwd /s: servername
2) Restart the DC in Directory Service Restore Mode. Use the command net user administrator * or Local User and Groups
Who can "Log On locally" to a DC
By default Account Operators, Administrators, Backup Operators, Print Operators, Server Operators, Internet Guest Account, and Terminal Services User Account are assigned the log on locally right.
In Active Directory, each user account has a user logon name, a pre-Windows 2000 user logon name (SAM account name), and a user principal name suffix. Active Directory suggests a pre-Windows 2000 user logon name using the first 20 bytes of the user logon name.
Each computer account created in Active Directory has a relative distinguished name, a preWindows 2000 computer name (SAM account name), a primary DNS suffix, a DNS host name and a service principal name. This computer name is used as the LDAP relative distinguished name.
Active Directory suggests the pre-Windows 2000 name using the first 15 bytes of the relative distinguished name. This can be changed at any time. The primary DNS suffix defaults to the full DNS name of the domain to which the computer is joined. The DNS host name is built from the first 15 characters of the relative distinguished name + the primary DNS suffix. The service principal name is built from the DNS host name. The service principal name is used in the process of mutual authentication between the client and the server hosting a particular service. The client finds a computer account based on the service principal name of the service to which it is trying to connect.
1) Click Start, click Run, and then type cmd.
2) At the command prompt, type ntdsutil.
3) At the ntdsutil prompt, type roles.
4) At the fsmo maintenance prompt, type connections.
5) At the server connections prompt, type connect to server, followed by the fully qualified domain name.
6) At the server connections prompt, type quit.
7) At the fsmo maintenance prompt, type seize schema master.
8) At the fsmo maintenance prompt, type quit.
9) At the ntdsutil prompt, type quit.
Typically, when the last DC for a domain is demoted, the administrator selects this server is the last DC in the domain option in the DC Promo tool, which removes the domain metadata from Active Directory.
1) Determine the DC that holds the Domain Naming Master FSMO role.
2) Verify that all servers for the specified domain have been demoted.
3) At the command prompt:
★ ntdsutil
★ metadata cleanup
★ connections
★ connect to server servername
You can configure auditing for specific objects, such as users, computers, organizational units, or groups, by specifying both the types of access and the users whose access that you want to audit. To configure auditing for specific Active Directory objects, follow these steps:
1) Open Active Directory Users and Computers.
2) Select Advanced Features on the View menu.
3) Right-click the Active Directory object that you want to audit, and then click Properties.
4) Click the Security tab, and then click Advanced.
5) Click the Auditing tab, and then click Add.
6) Enter the name of either the user or the group whose access you want to audit. Click to select either the Successful check box or the Failed check box for the actions that you want to audit, and then click OK.
Perform the following steps to configure the one-way trust:
1) On a domain controller in the trusted domain, start the Active Directory Domains and Trusts console.
2) In the Domains that trust this domain pane, click Add.
3) In the Add Trusting Domain dialog box, type the name of the trusting domain, type a password, and then type the password again in the Confirm password box.
4) Click OK.
5) In the Active Directory dialog box, click OK to verify the trust.
6) Enter a user name and password of a user that has permissions to modify trust relationships in the trusting domain.
★ The NTDS registry key exists in the HKLMSYSTEMCCSSERVICES portion of the registry.
★ The SYSVOL and NETLOGON shares exist. (The SYSVOL share and its contents exist after demotion of a DC.)
★ NBTSTAT shows that the 1C name (Domain) has been registered. Type nbtstat -n from a command prompt and note the presence of the 1C name.
★ The computer role from the NET ACCOUNTS utility lists the computer role as "PRIMARY" and standalone servers as "SERVERS." Type net accounts from the command prompt.
★ The NET START command indicates that the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service is running. Type net start |more.
★ The computer responds to LDAP queries (specifically, to port 389 or 3268).
★ The "Connect to server %S" command in Ntdsutil.exe functions only against Windows 2000 DCs.
★ The Change button on the Network Identification tab in My Computer is disabled when Windows 2000 is configured as a DC. A note appears indicating this.
★ Run Netdiag (a Resource Kit utility) and observe the "Machine is a Primary DC" entry in the output. Type netdiag /v from the command prompt.
If you want to install a third-party program by using this method, you must install a copy of Veritas Software Console by Seagate Software at a location that is accessible by the reference computer. This program is available on the Windows 2000 CD-ROM in Valueadd3rdpartyMgmtWinstleSwiadmle.msi. This includes a copy of WinINSTALL limited edition, which allows for basic functionality.
An object's attribute is set concurrently to one value at one master, and another value at a second master.
The most common mistakes are:
★ The DC is not pointing to itself for DNS resolution on all network interfaces.
★ The "." zone exists under forward lookup zones in DNS.
★ Other computers on the local area network (LAN) do not point to the Windows 2000 DNS server for DNS.
The Netlogon service on the DC registers a number of records in DNS that enable other DCs and computers to find Active Directory-related information. If the DC is pointing to the Internet service provider's (ISP) DNS server, Netlogon does not register the correct records for Active Directory, and errors are generated in Event Viewer. The preferred DNS setting for the DC is itself; no other DNS servers should be listed. The only exception to this rule is with additional DCs. Additional DCs in the domain must point to the first DC (which runs DNS) that was installed in the domain and then to themselves as secondary.
The Netlogon service registers all the SRV records for that DC. These records are displayed as the _msdcs, _sites, _tcp, and _udp folders in the forward lookup zone that matches your domain name. Other computers look for these records to find Active Directory-related information.
A Windows 2000 DC does not register Active Directory-related information with a WINS server; it only registers this information with a DNS server that supports dynamic updates such as a Windows 2000 DNS server. Other Windows 2000-based computers do not query WINS to find Active Directory-related information.
As long as the "." zone does not exist under forward lookup zones in DNS, the DNS service uses the root hint servers. The root hint servers are well-known servers on the Internet that help all DNS servers resolve name queries.
This setting designates the Windows 2000 DNS server to be a root hint server and is usually deleted. If you do not delete this setting, you may not be able to perform external name resolution to the root hint servers on the Internet.
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