C++

Topic: String

What’s the difference between a token and a field?

Simply put, a token and a field are two different things, though you will often see them confused. Most of what is on this page concerns fields. tokens  Tokens relate to lexing and parsing, where the text being decoded is an ordered list of tokens, not necessarily all of the same type. A token is typically a string of characters that possess some common characteristic, such as being all alphabetic, or being a specific list of characters, like "->" and "<<". Tokens also have semantic value (or meaning) attached to them. (Fields do not.) For example, in C++, the text string s = "Hello world!"; contains five tokens: string 	  a type s 	  an identifier = 	  an operator"Hello world!" 	a constant string literal ; 	a statement terminator It is worth noting here that for the C++ example each token has different characteristics and whitespace is treated specially. This kind of tokenizing requires careful lexing; typically token-specific functions are used to determine whether or not a character belongs to the current token and to classify the token’s type. fields  A field is typically a string of characters that do not include a set of special characters called delimiters. An ordered collection of fields, separated by delimiters, is called a record. A collection of records is called, variously: databases, tables, spreadsheets, etc. Depending on your requirements specifications, it may be possible for some fields to include characters that would normally be considered delimiters; the characters are in some way encoded into the field to prevent them from being understood as delimiters. For example, here is a record of six fields, delimited by commas and quoted by double-quote characters, where (unquoted) leading and trailing whitespace is ignored:Nalleli Andrade, 12 Jun 1989,,"piña colada, long walks in the rain" ,ID    1589-73AYN, The six fields are, in order: 1 		Nalleli Andrade 2 		12 Jun 1989 3 		  4 		piña colada, long walks in the rain 5 		ID    1589-73AYN 6 		  One of the most common questions about this kind of data structure is for CSV files; specifically in relation to Microsoft Excel. The C++ I/O library actually makes handling these kind of things relatively easy for simple data, but for more advanced handling, see the topic Parse CSV data?

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