101⟩ What is antigenic drift?
Series of point mutations that cause minor antigenic variations in the pathogens
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160 Biotechnology Questions And Answers
102⟩ What is apoptosis?
Changes those are associated with programmed cell death, including release of apoptotic bodies, blebbing, and nuclear fragmentation.
103⟩ What is an effector response?
It is the response produced after recognition and binding of an antigen by antibody.
104⟩ What is the response type and activity shown by effector molecule cytotoxic T cells?
Cell mediated immune response.
Activity: Kills virus infected self-cells.
105⟩ What is erythropoiesis?
Generation of red blood cells is called as erythropoiesis.
106⟩ What are interferons?
Interferons are small glycoproteins produced by virus-infected cells that inhibit viral infection. They are heterogeneous. Gamma interferons induce MHC class II antigens in macrophages, B cells, and endothelial cells.
107⟩ What is immuno adsorption?
It is removal of an antigen or antibody from a sample by the process of adsorption, to which the complimentary antigen or antibody is bound.
108⟩ What is the response type and activity shown by effector molecule IFN ? secreted by TH or TC cell?
Cell mediated immune response.
Activity: Direct antiviral activity
109⟩ What is immunofluorescence?
Staining cells or tissues with fluorescent antibodies and visualize them under a fluorescent microscope.
110⟩ What is an immunotoxin?
Immunotoxin is produced by conjugating or combining an antibody with highly toxic agent.
111⟩ What is immune complex?
It is a complex of antibody bound to antigen, which includes complement components.
112⟩ What are intracellular pathogens?
These microbial agents grow within a cell.
Example: Viruses and intracellular bacteria like Salmonella.
113⟩ What is isotope switching?
It is conversion of antibody class to another resulting from genetic rearrangement of heavy chain constant region genes in B cells. Isotope switching is also called as class switching.
114⟩ What is the response type and activity shown by effector molecules IgG, IgM and IgA?
It is Humoral response. Activity: Blocks fusion of viral envelope to the cell plasma membrane.
115⟩ What are MHC molecules?
Proteins that are encoded by major histocompatibility complex
116⟩ What is the target antigen for T cell leukemia?
The antigen for T cell is CD5.
117⟩ What is the response type and activity shown by effector molecule compliment activated by IgG or IgM?
It is Humoral response. Activity: Mediated opsonization
118⟩ What is the target antigen for anti idiotype tumor antigen?
Immunoglobulin
119⟩ What is the response type and activity shown by effector molecule IgM?
It is Humoral response. Activity: Agglutination
120⟩ What is the target antigen for B cell lymphoma?
Antigen for B cell is CD20.
