Mechanical Engineering

A watchmaker or clockmaker is called a horologist.

Transformers can be filled with various types of Refined Mineral Oil. That coefficient is something you would find in specifications of the supplier.

The material will yield when stress reaches a critical value.

Stress = Load / Area

Thick steel wire is stronger than thin steel wire because there is more cross sectional area in the thick wire. Although the material's strength in load per unit area would be the same, the ultimate load that the wire can sustain would be more in the thick wire.

A simple way of looking at it is to imagine a thick wire as a number of thin wires stuck together. If a thin wire can support a mass of 1kg then 2 thin wires can support 2kg. A wire which is twice as thick (twice the cross sectional area) can also support 2kg.

In general, gear drive is useful for power transmission between two shafts, which are near to each other (at most at 1m distance). In addition, it has maximum efficiency while transmitting power. It is durable compare to other such as belts chain drives etc. You can change the power to speed ratio.

Advantages: -

It is used to get various speeds in different load conditions.

It increases fuel efficiency.

Increases engine efficiency.

Need less power input when operated manually.

A facility that uses machines to fabricate devices from stock raw materials or to modify mechanisms based upon provided specifications. Also, know as "Back" Shops.

The common machines in a machine shop are a lathe, a drilling m/c, a miller, a shaper/planer, grinding machine and so on.

Rhenium diboribe

To make Steel, Iron Ore is refined into iron and all the carbon is burned away using very high heat (Bessemer). A percentage of Carbon (and other trace elements) are added back to make steel.

Windmills were traditionally used for processing grains, later they started to be used for electricity production as well. Windmills can also be used to pump water.

It is a 3-D drawing used by draftsmen, architects etc

Fighter jet aircraft fly at speeds in the low mach numbers. Mach 1 is roughly 750 miles per hour, give or take, and military jets can fly at well over a thousand miles per hour. Back in the day (July of 1976), the SR-71 set the jet speed record. Radar clocked the thing at 2242 mph. Oh, and the record still stands. This highly sensitive aircraft project probably holds back data that would top this figure, but the information will not be coming out soon if it exists. The Blackbird is the answer to your prayers. As a caveat, there is a much faster jet called a scramjet, but it is unmanned. The NASA X-43A can hit Mach 9.6, which is about 7300 miles per hour.

Rewat

Nikolavs August Otto, German

The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning wheel. It was invented circa 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, near Blackburn, Lancashire in the north west of England (although Thomas Highs is another candidate identified as the inventor).

The payload is the cargo that it carries.

Hydraulics is suitable for higher forces & precise motion than pneumatics. This is because hydraulic systems generally run at significantly higher pressures than pneumatics systems. Movements are more precise (repeatable) because hydraulics uses an incompressible liquid to transfer power whilst pneumatics uses gases.

Pneumatic systems have some advantages too. They are usually significantly cheaper than hydraulic systems, can move faster (gas much less viscous than oil) and do not leak oil if they develop a leak.

A positive displacement pump causes a liquid or gas to move by trapping a fixed amount of fluid or gas and then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. Positive displacement pumps can be further classified as either rotary-type (for example the rotary vane) or lobe pumps similar to oil pumps used in car engines. These pumps give a non-pulsating output or displacement unlike the reciprocating pumps. Hence, they are called positive displacement pumps.

* a) Working fluid: Pneumatics use air, Hydraulics use Oil

* b) Power: Pneumatic power less than hydraulic power

* c) Size: P components are smaller than H components

* d) Leakage: Leaks in hydraulics cause fluid to be sticking around the components. In pneumatics, air is leaked into the atmosphere.

* e) Pneumatics obtain power from an air compressor while hydraulics require a pump

* f) Air is compressible, hydraulic oil is not

The vapor compression and refrigeration system is used to minimize sweating of the air around the pipe. When the air is exposed to a cool surface, its water vapor condenses.