41⟩ List the responsibilities of Network Layer?
The Network Layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of packet possibly across multiple networks (links).
☛ Logical Addressing
☛ Routing
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42⟩ List the responsibilities of Presentation Layer?
The Presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems.
☛ Translation
☛ Encryption
☛ Compression
43⟩ List the concerns of the physical layer?
Physical layer coordinates the functions required to transmit a bit stream over a physical medium.
☛ Physical characteristics of interfaces and media
☛ Representation of bits
☛ Data rate
☛ Synchronization of bits
☛ Line configuration
☛ Physical topology
☛ Transmission mode
44⟩ What layers are network support layers?
☛ Physical Layer
☛ Data link Layer and
☛ Network Layers
45⟩ Explain synchronous TDM?
In STDM, the multiplexer allocates exactly the same time slot to each device at all times, whether or not a device has anything to transmit.
46⟩ What are the layers of OSI?
☛ Physical Layer
☛ Data Link Layer
☛ Network Layer
☛ Transport Layer
☛ Session Layer
☛ Presentation Layer
☛ Application Layer
47⟩ What layers are user support layers?
☛ Session Layer
☛ Presentation Layer and
☛ Application Layer
48⟩ What is TDM?
Digital process that can be applied when the data rate capacity of the transmission medium is greater than the data rate required by the sending and receiving devices.
49⟩ What is FDM?
FDM is an analog technique that can be applied when the bandwidth of a link is greater than the combined bandwidths of the signals to be transmitted.
50⟩ What is WDM?
WDM is conceptually the same as FDM, except that the multiplexing and de-multiplexing involve light signals transmitted through fiber optics channel.
51⟩ Tell me the key design issues of a computer Network?
☛ Connectivity
☛ Cost-effective Resource Sharing
☛ Support for common Services
☛ Performance
52⟩ List the key elements of protocols?
The key elements of protocols are:
☛ Syntax:
It refers to the structure or format of the data, that is the order in which they are presented.
☛ Semantics:
It refers to the meaning of each section of bits.
☛ Timing:
Timing refers to two characteristics: When data should be sent and how fast they can be sent.
53⟩ What is unicasting in network engineering?
If the message is sent from a source to a single destination node, it is called Uni-casting.
54⟩ Describe error control?
Error control is both error detection and error correction. It allows the receiver to inform the sender of any frames lost or damaged in transmission and coordinates the re-transmission of those frames by the sender. In the data link layer, the term error control refers primarily to methods of error detection and re-transmission.
55⟩ Explain Round Trip Time?
The duration of time it takes to send a message from one end of a network to the other and back, is called RTT.
56⟩ What is multiccasting in network engineering?
If the message is sent to some subset of other nodes, it is called Multicasting.
57⟩ What is broadcasting in network engineering?
If the message is sent to all the m nodes in the network it is called Broadcasting.
58⟩ Describe flow control?
Flow control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for acknowledgment.
59⟩ Explain framing?
Framing in the data link layer separates a message from one source to a destination, or from other messages to other destinations, by adding a sender address and a destination address. The destination address defines where the packet has to go and the sender address helps the recipient acknowledge the receipt.
60⟩ What is Decoder?
Decoder is A device or program that translates encoded data into its original format (e.g. it decodes the data). The term is often used in reference to MPEG-2 video and sound data, which must be decoded before it is output.
