101⟩ Give the classification of immunoglobulin molecules.
Immunoglobuins are classified into 5 different types. They are
1) IgG
2) IgA
3) IgM
4) IgD
5) IgE
Immunology
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200 Immunology Questions And Answers
102⟩ The area of the H chain, which is between CH1 and CH2 domain, is called as___________.
Hinge region. It is rich in Proline and second highest amino acid cysteine.
103⟩ What are the domains, which are present in heavy chain?
Heavy chain contains one variable domain (VH) and either 3 or 4 constant domains (CH1, CH2, CH3, and CH4).
104⟩ What are the domains, which are present in the light chain?
Light chain contains one variable domain (VL) and one constant domain (CH).
105⟩ Name the scientists who elucidated the basic structure of immunoglobulin.
Rodney Porter and Gerald Edelman
106⟩ Name the bond linking the two heavy chains
1-2 disulphide bonds
107⟩ Name the bond linking L chain and H chain.
Disulphide bond
108⟩ What are immunoglobulins?
Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins, each molecule containing two pairs of polypeptide chains of different sizes, smaller ones are called light chains (L), and larger ones are called heavy chains (H).
109⟩ What are basophils?
They are found in blood and in tissues. They contain several hydrolytic enzymes and amines like histamine, serotonin etc.
110⟩ What are oesnophils?
They are found in large number in allergic inflammatory actions and in parasitic infections.
111⟩ What are neutrophils?
They are most abundant leucocytes. Constitute 60 – 75% of blood leucocytes. They are active in phagocytosis.
112⟩ What are microphages?
Neutrophils, oesnophils, basophils are called as microphages.
113⟩ What are dendritic cells?
Cells, which help in presentation of antigen to cell during primary immune response, are dendritic cells. They have no phagocytic activity and are highly polymorphic. They are present in peripheral lymphoidal organs particularly and in the germinal centers of spleen and lymph nodes.
114⟩ Macrophages, which are present in the lungs, are called as.
Macrophages, which are present in the lungs, are called as Alveolar Macrophages.
115⟩ Macrophages, which are present in the brain, are called as.
Macrophages, which are present in the brain, are called as Microglia.
116⟩ Macrophages, which are present in the liver, are called as.
Macrophages, which are present in the liver, are called as Kupffer cells
117⟩ Macrophages, which are present in the connective tissue, are called as.
Macrophages, which are present in the connective tissue, are called as Histeocytes.
118⟩ Immature macrophages, which are present in the blood stream, are called as.
Immature macrophages, which are present in the blood stream, are called as Monocytes.
119⟩ What are phagocytic cells (macrophages)?
All macrophages originate from bone marrow stem cells in the form of monoblast, which develop into promonocytes and monocytes. Monocytes enter the blood and their half-life in the blood is about 3 days. Later they enter into the tissues and develop into macrophages.
120⟩ What are natural killer cells?
These are large granulated lymphocytes posses’ spontaneous cytotoxicity towards various target cells mainly the malignant cells and virus infected cells. Their cytotoxicity is not antibody dependant. They bind to glycoprotein receptor of target cells and release cytolytic factor.
