Immunology

Natural active immunity results either from a clinical or in appointed infection with a parasite.

Ex: 1. a person who has recovered from an attack of measles develops natural active immunity.

Ex: 2. the immunity is life long in case of viral diseases such as chicken pox or measles.

Active immunity is classified into two types-

1. Natural active immunity

2. Artificial active immunity

The resistance that is transmitted from a recipient in a ready-made form is known as passive immunity.

Active immunity is the resistance developed by an individual because of antigenic stimulus.

Acquired immunity is classified into two types.

1. Active immunity and

2. Passive immunity

It involves two groups of cells. They are

Lymphocytes

Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)

There are four types of defensive barriers.

1. Anatomic

2. Physiologic

3. Endocytic and phagocytic and

4. Inflammatory components

The resistance that an individual acquired during life is known as acquired immunity. Unlike innate immunity, this immune system is highly adaptive and exhibits four characteristic features.

1. Antigen specificity

2. Diversity

3. Immunologic memory

4. Recognition of self from non-self antigens

Innate immunity is the resistance to diseases that an individual has from the time of its birth.

Immunity is classified into two types.

1. Innate immunity (or) native immunity (or) natural immunity

2. Acquired immunity

Immune system is a defense system that protects from pathogenic microorganisms (harmful) and cancer.

Immunity refers to the resistance exhibited by the host towards injury caused by microorganisms and their products.

(Or)

Immunity is concerned with resistance to infection.

It is conversion of antibody class to another resulting from genetic rearrangement of heavy chain constant region genes in B cells. Isotype switching is also called as class switching.

The condition in which viral genome that is provirus associated with host genome in a way that the viral genes remain in unexpressed state.

Macrophage found in central nervous system is called microglial cell.

It is a cancerous plasma cell.

It is a monoclonal immunoglobulin, which is produced by myeloma cell.

An autoimmune disease affects the central nervous system.

Pathogen is a disease-causing organism.

It is a cell, from which differentiated cells derive.