Design Engineering

Green field projects are those projects, which do not create any environmental nuisance (pollution), follows environmental management system and EIA (environment impact assessment). These projects are usually of big magnitude.

This question is often asked and it always confuses. So here is a clear answer for difference between jigs and fixture.

☛ Jigs gives direction to cutting tool

☛ We can perform various operations like drilling, reaming ,tapping and polishing.

☛ Fixtures are used to hold the workpiece

☛ Fixture are not used to perform any of the operations

Pressure and temperature are two of the most important factors to be considered before selecting the type of material to be used. Steam is a compressible gas due to which the capacity of the pipe line depends on the size of the pipes and pressure of the steam. Since steam at even low pressure can be dangerous, extra care is to be taken. Galvanized pipes are usually not used for steam. Pipes made of mild steel with welded fittings are instead largely used.

Any system needs redundancy in work needs pneumatics, because the compressor of the pneumatic system has periodical operations (intermittent work, not as hydraulic pump). The compressed air could be accumulated in tanks with high pressures and used even if the compressor failed.

Torque is the force that causes rotation. It is a measure of how much force is acting on an object making it rotate.

The ratio of specific heat γ=CP/CV is a factor in adiabatic engine processes and in determining the speed of sound in gas. This ratio γ=1.66 for an ideal monoatomic gas and γ=1.4 for air, which is predominantly a diatomic gas.

It is a process of heating a material above the re-crystallization temperature and cooling after a specific time interval. This increases the hardness and strength if the material.

It gives you value of tensile strength and yield strength.

For eg. The tensile strength over here in 8.8 marking bolt would be 800 N/mm^2 and its yield strength is 640 which is 80% of the tensile strength.

The most efficient shape for withstanding high pressure is a sphere but that would be costly to manufacture. A cylinder with a domed top and a domed bottom (look underneath, the flat base is actually welded around the outside, the bottom of the gas container is actually domed) is a much cheaper shape to manufacture whilst still having good strength to resist the internal gas pressure.

The ideal shape would be a sphere. The container must have the capacity to withstand the extremely high pressure of liquefied gas. A spherical shape helps in distributing these forces uniformly.

Nitrogen is used to prevent porosity in the welding member by preventing oxygen and air from entering the molten metal during the welding process. Other gases are also used for this purpose such as Argon, Helium, Carbon Dioxide, and the gases given off when the flux burns away during SMAW (stick) welding.

Every mechanical engineer has to address the concerns of stress on the job. How do they deal with stress? How do they channel negative energy?

FOF stands for Face of Flange. A flange has either of the two types of faces:

a) Raised face

b) Flat face

The F.O.F is used to know the accurate dimension of the flange in order to avoid the minute errors in measurement in case of vertical or horizontal pipelines.